Background

This page to discover Senegal

SENEGAL

A total disappointment...

Our planned circuit at this time, that is to say the North of India and Nepal has been canceled because political events, the Nepalese Maoist rebellion and especially the he assassination of several relatives of the royal family by one of the members of this family, forced us to change destination.

Details of the stay

This is why, faced with this imponderable three weeks before our departure, we turned to Africa and Senegal in particular. Not possible to have a circuit (time too short), so we opted for a stay with possibilities of excursions in a fairly large radius, for a more complete visit, we will come back later.

The charter flight departing from Marseille with a detour via Lyon and a technical stopover in Agadir was not easy. This transfer in a plane full to the brim with the bare minimum of service was very painful (especially if you are tall and wide).

Stay in Saly

When we arrived, correspondents from Voyamar were very efficient with the transfer on Saly (Icone), end of our journey and his place of stay on Saly hôtel .

On the spot we were installed in double bungalows, not young, but comfortable.

The big plus is first of all its location, by the sea, the closer you find yourself in the water and secondo, the cuisine is at the 'top', the place is considered the best restaurant in the region with many Senegalese specialties.

M'Bour and its surroundings

From our vacation spot, we were able to take excursions in the area.

First we went for a walk in the savannah to meet the population of all these small villages who live from their culture: peanuts, millet, vegetables but who choose to stay in place rather than the city.

The souk (to be seen at least once) and all the small streets, not to mention the shops and cooperatives.

The port ofM'bour (Icone) he lives exclusively fresh or dried fish on huge boards around the city (you can feel it!!).

Dakar and Gorée

We then follow the seaside that we call the Petite Côte here to reach our hotel.

The second trip will take place in the capital Dakar and the island of Gorée (Icone) place of departure of all the slaves leaving to work in the French colonies mainly.

This vestige of the colonies allows us to better realize the inhuman conditions under which we treated these people whom we uprooted and 're-established' in other worlds.

Weather forecast

DAKAR WEATHER DAKAR WEATHER

Latest news

INFORMATION2 August 2022
Provisions in force in Senegal
A circular modifying the conditions of entry to Senegal was published on September 20, 2021. Nationals of Member States of the European Union are no longer subject to the prior obtaining of a Special Authorization to Embark (ASE) for trips to Senegal.

What there is to know

History

Islam, the dominant religion in Senegal today (more than 98% of the population), arrived for the first time in the 11th century. Among the different kingdoms, the most powerful in the 14th century was the empire of Djolof which included Cayor, Baol among other kingdoms. Several European nations arrived in the region from the 15th century, until France settled there, founding Saint-Louis in 1659, a city that would become the first capital of Senegal and later the capital of AOF (French West Africa). ). The French also occupied the island of Gorée in 1677, an island that made Senegal one of the main centers of the slave trade. In 1902, Dakar became the capital of French West Africa, one of the French colonies. In January 1959, Sudan and Mali merged to form the Federation of Mali, which became completely independent on June 20, 1960. This independence was the consequence of the transfers of powers agreed in the agreement signed in France on April 4, 1960. Difficulties policies caused the dismemberment of the federation on August 20, 1960. Senegal and French Sudan (which will take the name of Mali) declared their independence.

Senegal and Gambia united in 1982 to form the confederation of Senegambia, but this confederation was only theoretical because it was never implemented. It was finally dissolved in 1989. Skirmishes have taken place since 1982 sporadically between a separatist group based in southern Casamance and government forces. Ceasefire agreements have been signed without success so far. A new agreement was signed in Ziguinchor on December 30, 2004 between Interior Minister Ousmane Ngow and Father Augustin Diamacoune Senghor, leader of the MFDC (Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance) rebellion.

Policy

Senegal like almost all the African countries colonized by France, took its independence in 1960. Its first President was named Léopold Sédar Senghor (politician but also writer and poet). In 1981, President Senghor handed over the reins of the country to President Abdou Diouf, who ruled it until the year 2000, when the main opposition figure, Abdoulaye Wade, came to power. The President of the Republic of Senegal is the head of state of the country. He is elected by universal suffrage for a term of 5 years. The president appoints the prime minister who in turn chooses his cabinet ministers in consultation with the president. The national parliament of Senegal has only one chamber named Assembly or National Assembly, composed of 120 deputies. These are directly elected by a vote of the people for a period of 5 years in legislative elections which are held at a different time than the presidential elections.

The Court of Cassation and the Constitutional Council, whose judges are appointed by the president, constitute the two highest courts in the country. The law on decentralization, which was implemented in January 1997, grants significant powers to regional assemblies. Senegal has had relatively stable governments since its independence. Senegal abolished the death penalty on December 10, 2004.

Geography

Le Sénégal s´étend sur 196192km², soit plus d´1/3 de la France. Si on le compare à ses voisins Mali et Mauritanie, le Sénégal est un minuscule pays. Quel plat pays que le Sénégal ! Exceptées les deux collines des Mamelles ( roches éruptives également à l´origine des îles de Gorée et des Madeleines) aucun relief n´agrémente l´horizon de la côte. Les seules véritables collines sont celles du Fouta Djalon à la frontière guinéenne qui ont du mal à culminer au-dessus de 500 mètres ( photo à droite, collines de Bandafassi près de Kédougou). Les estuaires du Sénégal, du Saloum et de la Casamance sont même au-dessous du niveau de la mer à marée haute. Les Niayes, dunes de sable côtières sculptées par le vent empêchent néanmoins le marin de voir le paysage continental sur la distance Dakar-St-Louis.

Economy

Senegal was, as soon as it was discovered by Europeans, penetrated by the merchant economy of the colonial type. Due to its geographical location, the country was the starting point of French colonization in West Africa. The means of communication, enviable in the region, are:
- the port of Dakar (military base, arsenal, dry dock) providing 2/3 of groundnut exports and almost all imports.
- le réseau de chemin de fer (1 225 kms) (Dakar-Niger, en direction du Mali ; Dakar-Saint Louis, se greffant à Thiès sur le Dakar-Niger ; plusieurs embranchements secondaires : Louga-Linguère, Tivaouane-Taïba, Guinguinéo-Kaolack-Lyndiane, Diourbel-Touba.).
- the relatively developed road network (13,850 km).
- Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport in Dakar-Yoff.

Source : Wikipedia

Additional Information

When to leave?

All year round if you wish, but remember that summer is really hot!!

Transports

We left on a charter, hard hard!!! As for the roads, only those of the cities are entitled to this name, otherwise they are called tracks.

Sleep / Eat

Apart from the tourist places, it's a bit tight. On the other hand, the local cuisine is a real treat and don't hesitate to taste the specialties, you won't regret it!!!

Purchase

Mainly trinkets, Mores art (the goldsmiths' court in Dakar for example!) and Naïve art.

Useful websites
Tourist Office

The Art of Food

Soupe aux boulettes de poisson
Fish ball soup Ingredients
For the fish balls : 500g of fish Half an onion 3 cloves of garlic 1 stock cube or Maggi 1 tablespoon groundnut paste Fresh chillies to taste ½ teaspoon pepper ½ teaspoon coffee salt Vegetable oil for frying 1 tablespoon corn flour, optional
For the tomato sauce : 2 fresh tomatoes 1 tablespoon of tomato puree 1 large onion, minced 1 stock cube 3 cloves of garlic, grated 1 teaspoon of black pepper Red pepper, to your taste Salt to your taste 3 tbsp cooking oil 2 cups water 1 large potato, peeled and chopped 1 small carrot, peeled and chopped Half the cabbage, cut into medium pieces You can also add some vegetables of your choice (pumpkin, sweet potato, cassava, etc.)
Preparation
Fish balls : Remove the bones and skin from the fish or use fish fillets Grind the fish in a food processor with a little salt or in a mortar. Grind the onion, garlic, stock cube, peppers, black pepper in a food processor. Mix the fish with the mixture of onion and peanut paste. Mix well add corn flour if you want. Then grease your hands with a little oil and shape the fish mixture into small balls. Heat the oil over medium heat and fry the fish balls until they turn brown. Remove and reserve
Make the sauce : In a large bowl, purée the fresh tomatoes with a little water. Add the tomato paste, minced onion, grated garlic, stock cube, black pepper. heat the oil and add the tomato mixture. Simmer over low heat for 5 to 10 minutes or until thickened. Add vegetables and water. Bring to a boil and add the fish balls. Let simmer for 20 minutes. put salt and pepper at your taste. Serve with rice or cooked yam.

Ragoût aux gombos
Kandia soup Ingredients
1 kg of rice 1/4 l of palm oil 1 kg of okra 1 good slice of fish 250 g of meat a little prawns 4 crabs 1 fresh chili dry chili
Preparation
Put water on the fire and add the meat and after a few moments the onion cut into pieces and let boil to cook the meat. Add the fresh fish, the opened and cleaned crabs, the prawns and the fresh chilli then leave to simmer Wash and cut the okra Make the “nokoss”: crush the dry chilli, the garlic and the green onion and add it to the cooking Add the okra and simmer. Stir from time to time to prevent the sauce from sticking too much to the bottom of the pot. Add the palm oil and leave to cook. Check seasoning and cook over low heat. Serve with white rice.

Soupe aux cacahuètes
Peanut soup Ingredients
100 g of peanuts 200 g of chicken breast 100 g of butter 1 good spoonful of flour 1 liter of chicken stock 100 g of heavy cream
Preparation
In a saucepan, make a roux with the butter and flour; moisten with the broth; bring to a boil; Crush the chicken breasts with the fresh cream; strain through a sieve with the broth; Toast the peeled peanuts; pound them; add to the soup and return to cook over low heat until the soup takes on a light creamy texture; Season generously; season and serve hot.
Salade de crevettes
Prawn salad
Ingredients
Prawns, (cooked), Pomefruit, Orange, Squid, Lettuce leaves, And a small Creole sauce

Preparation
Mix all the ingredients and arrange on a plate. And serve immediately.

Salade casamançaise
Casamance salad Ingredients
2 avocados, 2 grapefruits, 2 papayas, 400 grams of large prawns, salt, white pepper, mayonnaise.
Preparation
Peel and devein the prawns. Cook them in boiling water. Peel the papayas, remove the seeds, cut two-thirds into cubes and reserve the rest. Peel the grapefruits, detach the quarters, reserve the juice that runs out. Cut the avocados in half, remove the pit, detach and dice the flesh. In a salad bowl, mash a third of the reserved papaya, add mayonnaise and grapefruit juice. Salt and pepper. Add the diced papaya and avocado, the grapefruit quarters, the prawns. Put in the fridge. Serve in the avocado shells.
Thieboudienne
Thieboudienne Ingredients
3 cups of rice (fragrant or broken rice), 4 large pieces of fish (of your choice or sea bream), 3 fresh tomatoes, mashed, 3 tablespoons of tomato puree, 1 bunch of parsley, mashed, 1 large carrot, peeled and cut into medium chunks, 2 potatoes, peeled and cut into chunks, 1 large onion, minced, 4 garlic cloves, finely chopped, 2 small aubergines, optional, 1 small cabbage, chopped in 4 pieces, 200ml peanut oil, 2 stock cubes or Maggi cubes, 4 bay leaves, 4 peppers, 1 tablespoon black pepper, Salt, 6 small okra, 1 tablespoon Yété, optional , 1 tablespoon of Nététou (if available), 1.5l of hot water
Preparation
Step 1 : Prepare the stuffing for the fish: Mix the parsley, half the garlic, a little chilli, add salt and 1/2 of a Maggi. You can pound in a mortar or use a food processor. Then, insert the mixture into the fish pieces.
Step 2 : Make the tomato sauce. Heat the oil, add the onions, tomatoes, tomato paste, remaining garlic, black pepper. Then fry them for 15 minutes over medium heat. Next, add the fish to the tomato sauce. Many prefer to fry the fish in advance. Personally I don't fry poisons. Add the bouillon cube (or Maggi), with the bay leaves and 1 cup of water. Then simmer until the pieces of fish are well cooked,
Step 3 : Remove the fish pieces and add all the vegetables except the okra with 1 cup of water and cook the vegetables until cooked (25-30 min). You must ensure that the vegetables are ready before removing them and also not to overcook them. Then remove the vegetables, then add the okra with the water. After 5 min remove the okra and add the rice. To make the rice easy to cook, you can soak it in hot water for 20 minutes and wash it several times with lukewarm water. Cook the rice over very low heat, turning the thieboudienne often so that all sides are well cooked. When ready to serve, place the rice in a dish and arrange the vegetables and fish on top.

Yassa de poulet
Yassa with chicken Ingredients
1 whole chicken, cut into medium sized pieces, 7 onions, sliced, Juice of 4 lemons, 2 tbsp mustard, preferably Djion mustard, 6 tbsp oil, 1 head garlic , 2 Maggi cubes, 2 tbsp black or white pepper, 1/4 tbsp chilli powder, Salt, to taste
Preparation
Marinate the chicken with 1 tbsp mustard, half the garlic, 2 lemons, black pepper, then store in the refrigerator for at least 2 hours. Slice and marinate the onions with the remaining mustard, lemons, black pepper (as you did with the chicken). Grill the chicken in the oven or with 3 tablespoons of oil over high heat. Heat the oil and brown the onions, then add the rest of the garlic, the grilled chicken, 2 cups of water, the Maggi cubes, the chilli and salt. Simmer for 30 or 40 minutes until the chicken is ready and the liquid in the sauce is almost completely absorbed. And now, it's ready. Serve with white rice or couscous.

Soupou Kandja
Soupou Kandja Ingredients
300g meat (kids, beef or mutton), cut into medium chunks 700g fresh okra, washed and cut into rounds 1 onion, minced 250ml palm oil 700g fresh okra 1 fresh fish, cut into slices 2 crabs, opened and cleaned a few prawns 1 piece of yeté (if possible) 1 piece of dry fish 2 fresh peppers 1 teaspoon of nététou (Soumbara) 2 cloves of garlic, crushed green onion 1 tbsp of concentrated tomato 1 Maggi cube Salt 1.5l water
Preparation
In a large pot, heat the palm oil and add the yeté, the meat, the onion and brown. Then add the concentrated tomato and fry for 5 minutes. Add water to pot and boil for at least 30 minutes to cook meat. When the meat is almost cooked, add the crabs, shrimps and fish (fresh and dry) then simmer for 10 minutes. Add the okra, chilli, nététou, garlic and green onion. Reduce the heat and cook over low heat. You can stir occasionally to prevent the sauce from burning or sticking to the bottom of the pot. Add salt and Maggi and cook for 20 minutes. When your sauce is ready, Serve with white rice.

Poulet sauce cacahuète
Chicken peanut sauce Ingredients
1/2 chicken, clean and cut into pieces 3 tbsp peanut paste 100ml vegetable oil or peanut oil 2 fresh tomatoes, mashed 1 tbsp tomato puree 2 onions, chopped 1 bunch of green onion, minced 2 cloves of garlic, A chilli (optional), Black pepper 1 stock cube or Maggi 1 liter of water (hot water recommended)
Preparation
Season the chicken with a stock cube, black pepper and salt. Heat vegetable oil in a pan and fry the chicken until brown. Remove and set aside To saucepan, add mashed tomatoes, tomato paste, onions, green onion, garlic and black pepper, sauté for 10 minutes. Add water and peanut paste. Let simmer for 20 minutes. Return the fried chicken to the sauce and add the stock cube, chilli and vegetables if desired. Let cook for another 20 minutes. To finish the soup, add salt and pepper to taste. Serve the peanut sauce with white rice or Tô.

Accras aux haricots
Cowpea accras Ingredients
200g fermented cowpea flour 250ml water Oil for frying 1 tablespoon baking powder Preparation ½ onion, chopped (optional)
Preparation
In a large bowl add the flour and baking powder. Then add the water gradually while mixing well to obtain a paste.
Note : Personally, I like to add a little onion in the batter, but know that it is optional. Let the dough rest for 30 minutes, you will see that the dough will increase in volume. Heat the oil in a pot over medium heat and form small balls using a spoon or your hand, and immediately put the balls in the hot oil and fry until golden brown. Serve your donuts with a chilli sauce when they are ready.

Curry d'agneau
Lamb curry Ingredients
800 g boneless shoulder of lamb, 1 large onion, 50 g butter, 2 dl fresh cream, salt, pepper, 1 natural yogurt, 50 g raisins, 1 teaspoon curry, 1 pinch of cinnamon.
Preparation
Soak the grapes in a bowl of lukewarm water. Cut the meat into cubes; sauté them in a casserole dish. Season. Remove them as soon as they are golden brown and replace them with the chopped onion. When the onion has become transparent, put the meat back, add the yogurt and cream, curry and cinnamon. Simmer for 30 minutes, stirring occasionally. Add the drained grapes. Adjust the seasoning and simmer for another 2 minutes.

Mafé
Mafe Ingredients
800 g of beef 1 onion 3 tablespoons of peanut butter (peanut paste) 25 cl of sunflower oil 1 West Indian pepper 1 slice of white cabbage 2 carrots 2 beef broths 1 pinch of salt 8 okra 1 clove of garlic 500 g long grain rice 200 g tomato sauce 60 cl water (for cooking the rice)
Preparation
Cut the meat into thick pieces, put it in a bowl, add finely chopped onion and garlic to it. Heat the oil in a pot, add the contents of the bowl. Let the meat brown, pour in the tomato sauce and bring to a boil. Heat 20 cl of water, put the peanut paste in a bowl, pour the hot water and stir with a whisk, stir without making lumps. Then pour the mixture into the pot. Cut the carrots into large pieces, the okra into small slices and add them as well as the slice of cabbage and the West Indian pepper (if you wish) to the pot. Add the salt and the broth, leave to cook for 1 hour 45 minutes. Boil 60 cl of salted water, add the rice. Serve the rice with the broth
Dessert à la semoule de mil
Thiakry Ingredients
200g millet couscous (Or millet flour) 500ml buttermilk or yogurt (or also curd) 1 teaspoon vanilla sugar 1 tbsp butter (optional); Refined sugar (According to your taste); Water.
Preparation
Using a steamer, put water in the bottom of the pot and bring to a boil. Put the millet couscous in a colander and place on the steamer, cook the couscous for 25 minutes. Transfer the couscous to a large bowl and add the butter, mix well and let cool. In another bowl mix the yogurt or buttermilk with the sugar and vanilla. To serve, put the millet couscous in the bowl and add the buttermilk (or sweetened yogurt), then mix well. Place in the refrigerator and serve very cold. If you don't have millet couscous, use millet or wheat flour: Place the millet flour in a large bowl, use your hand to dampen the flour a little with water. Then rub in the flour to form small sized balls. When all the flour has formed into small balls, set aside in room temperature for at least 10 minutes. Then continue the recipe as indicated above.

Beignets à la noix de coco
Coconut donuts Ingredients
3 cups flour ½ cup coconut milk 1 egg 1 teaspoon yeast ½ cup sugar ½ cup warm water 1 tablespoon oil or butter Oil for frying
Optional: 1 teaspoon cinnamon or cardamom
Preparation
Dissolve yeast in warm water and set aside. Beat the egg in a bowl, add the coconut milk, the sugar and the tablespoon of oil or butter. Mix well and set aside. On the 3 cups of flour, add cinnamon powder if you want. And mix well then pour in the yeast liquid. Use your hands to mix well or also a machine. Gradually add the egg mixture to the flour while continuously mixing until you get the dough that is not too sticky. You may need to add more flour if the dough sticks too much to your hands.

Beignet africain
African donut Ingredients
2 cups flour 1 cup lukewarm water 1 tablespoon dry baker's yeast ½ cup sugar 1 teaspoon salt tablespoon vanilla sugar Vegetable oil for frying
Preparation
Dissolve the yeast in warm water and pour over the flour. Mix really well. Add the sugar, salt, vanilla sugar and mix well with the flour. Cover with a towel and let the dough rest for 2 hours. Heat the oil over medium heat, not too hot to prevent the cakes from burning without being well cooked. Use your hand or a spoon to drop the mixture into the oil, you have to be extremely careful when doing this step. Fry the donuts until each side is brown in color.

Pâte d'arachide et couscous de mil
Ngalakh Ingredients
200g of Thiakry (sachets of thiakry sold commercially), 100g of powdered bouye, sugar, 100g of peanut paste, 30g of raisins, 2 tablespoons of orange blossom, 2 sachets of vanilla sugar , a good pinch of nutmeg, 30g of grated coconut.
Preparation
Start by wetting the thiakry with a glass of water. Leave to stand for 5 minutes so that the grains completely absorb the water. Then steam the thiakry for about 10 minutes. You can steam it using a couscoussier or in the microwave. The thiakry is cooked when the grains are soft. Then add the butter, grated coconut, raisins and nutmeg powder. Mix well. The thiakry is ready. We are now going to prepare the sauce that accompanies it.
In a salad bowl, put 20cl of water. Add the bouye powder and mix until smooth. Add 30cl of water and the peanut paste. Mix well to have a smooth and homogeneous sauce. Filter the liquid obtained so that it is even smoother. Add the vanilla sugar, orange blossom water and sweeten to taste. Then add all or part of the thiakry. Mix and let the ngalakh rest in the fridge for several hours before tasting.
Jus de bissap
Bissap juice Ingredients
1 cup of dried hibiscus flower (bissap flower) 1 cup of sugar 1 teaspoon of vanilla flavoring 1 teaspoon of strawberry flavoring A little mint leaves 1.5 l of water
Preparation
Wash the flowers and put them in a saucepan with water and boil for 25 minutes. After 25 minutes, remove from the heat and add the mint leaves. Then let cool completely. Pour the liquid through a strainer to separate the flowers from the juice. Add the sugar to the juice with the strawberry and vanilla flavoring. Put in the fridge for at least 3 hours. Serve very cold and enjoy!

Jus de gingembre
Ginger juice Ingredients
4 cups water or 1 liter 100g ginger, washed and peeled 300g pineapple, washed and peeled 1/3 cup lemon juice 1 and 1/2 cup sugar
Preparation
Add ginger, pineapple and juice of lemon in a food processor. Then add the water and mix well until a homogeneous liquid is obtained. You can also use a mortar and pound the ginger and pineapple together and mix in the water. Filter the mixture obtained using a sieve to remove the juice. Add the sugar to the juice and mix. The sugar is according to your taste, you can add more or medium than my recommended amount. Keep in the refrigerator for at least 2 hours and serve cold with your meals.

Jus de bouye
Bouye juice Ingredients
1/2 kg of bouye also known as monkey bread or baobab fruit 3 can of condensed liquid milk, sweetened or not 1kg of sugar 3 l of water
Preparation
Dip the bouye seeds in 2 L of boiling water and add 1l of cold water. A few minutes later, the monkey bread will dissolve when you stir it using your hands, then remove the black seeds without pulp. Sieve the pulp juice with a fine sieve to extract impurities. Using a spatula, give rhythm to this juice of pulp by adding sugar and stir, always in the same rhythm pour the 3 cans of milk and stir well. You can make BOUYE ROYAL JUICE by adding small pieces of pineapple, finely grated coconut and banana nectar.